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The Journey · See it

We feed this country, build it, and heal it. The work that runs it is kept just out of reach.

Sixty years of federal data, in one place. Press play on each chart. This is not a feeling or an anecdote. It is the measured distance between who we are and the work this country lets us do, in every state, in every field.

Pay and Representation · 1980 → 2045

We feed this country, build it, and heal it. Now we take our place in the work that runs it.

Sixty years of receipts. Press play. The gold line is the Latino share of the country, climbing decade after decade. The green lines are the jobs that pay under $100,000 a year, where our share already runs well above the gold line. The red lines are the jobs that pay over $100,000 a year, where our share runs far below it. The distance between gold and red is the whole story. We start in 1980, the first year the federal data lets us measure it. In 2026 the red lines reach a fork, and which way they bend is the part we still decide.

Occupations with median pay under $100K a year Farmworkers ($35K) Construction laborers ($45K) Food service ($30K) Latino share of the U.S. population Population (the parity line) Occupations with median pay over $100K a year Engineering / STEM ($101K) Physicians ($230K) Attorneys ($146K) Chief executives ($207K) At the current rate
1980
Population 6.4% · Physicians 3.0% a 3.4-point gap

Sources (Latino share of each group, by year): Population · U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census & American Community Survey, 1980–2024. Farmworkers · U.S. DOL National Agricultural Workers Survey & Census crop-labor tables. Construction & Food service · U.S. BLS, Labor Force Characteristics by Race & Ethnicity (Current Population Survey), 1980–2024. Engineering / STEM · National Science Foundation, Diversity in STEM, & BLS. Physicians · AAMC Physician Workforce & Diversity data. Attorneys · American Bar Association, Profile of the Legal Profession. Chief executives · U.S. BLS Current Population Survey 2025, Table 11 (Hispanic share of chief executives). Median pay figures are BLS Occupational Employment & Wage Statistics (May 2023). 2030–2045 is one extrapolation, not measured data. Population is the Census Bureau's National Population Projections (2023). The dashed current rate line extends the measured pace of the last decade, about +0.15 points a year. The parity line is not fixed: the Census Bureau projects the Latino share of the country keeps climbing, to roughly 27% by 2060 (2023 National Population Projections, middle series). Because the high-paid careers are rising more slowly than the population they are measured against, the gap does not close at the current rate. It widens. The two lines never meet, which is why we do not print a year of arrival, at this pace there is not one. We also do not draw a "with our plan" success line, because we will not put a number on the page we cannot source. The plan exists to bend the red lines upward faster than the gold line rises; that is the only way the gap closes. No pre-1980 figures are shown, because reliable Latino-by-occupation data does not exist before then.

In 1980, the gap between Latino population share and Latino physician share was 3.5 points. In 2024, that same gap is 13.3 points. The trendline since the 2023 SFFA decision suggests it widens further. The current pace is not closing this. Project 2045 is the path that does.

The Math · why it looks like progress

Representation went up. Parity went down. Both are true.

Here is the trap. Every year there are a few more Latino doctors than the year before, so it feels like we are slowly winning. We are not. The population is growing faster than the professions are opening, so even as the raw numbers rise, we fall further behind parity. Watch all three numbers at once.

Latino physicians
3.0%6.7%
▲ more than doubled since 1980

This is the number people point to as progress. On its own, it is real progress.

Latino population
6.0%20%
▲ more than tripled since 1980

But the population grew faster. The finish line moved further away than the runner advanced.

The parity ratio
0.500.34
▼ further from parity than in 1980

Divide the two and the truth appears. We are a smaller fraction of parity now than a generation ago.

The parity ratio is the only honest scoreboard: share of the professionshare of the population A score of 1.0 means parity. In 1980 we were at half. Today, despite doubling the doctors, we have slipped to roughly a third.
0.500.34
1980  →  2024  ·  lower is worse
3.5 → 13.3 pts
The gap between our share of the population and our share of physicians has more than tripled since 1980.
~130,000
Latino physicians the country is short of parity right now. Not a percentage. A number of human doctors who are not there.

Every gain we made was real. It simply was never fast enough. And in 2023, the math stopped improving at all.

The current rate · 2026 → 2045

The population climbs. The professions barely move.

Two bars per year: our share of the country, and our share of the highest-paid professions at the rate it has actually moved. The gap between them does not close. It widens, because the population keeps rising faster than the professions do.

Latino share of U.S. population Professions, at the current rate
20%
6%
2026today
23%
7.5%
2035
26%
8.7%
2045
At the current rate → the professions reach about 9% by 2045, against a 26% population share. The gap is wider than it is today. That is the line the plan exists to beat.

Population: U.S. Census Bureau national projections. Profession line: aggregate Latino share of the highest-paid roles across medicine, law, corporate, tech, education & government, extended at the measured current rate of about +0.15 points per year. We do not draw a modeled success line.

The Clock Stopped in 2023.

For the first time in twenty years, the rate is moving the wrong way.

0%
Decline in Latino MD matriculants, 2024 cycle

In June 2023, the Supreme Court ended race-conscious admissions. The first U.S. medical school class admitted after that decision had double-digit fewer Latino students. Law schools tracked the same direction. We are not approaching parity. We are moving away from it.

2026 · the pressure is escalating

It is no longer just the ruling. In 2026 the Department of Justice joined a lawsuit against UCLA’s medical school, moved against Yale, and opened investigations into Stanford, Ohio State, and UC San Diego over their admissions. The one slow lever that was widening the door is now being challenged in federal court, school by school.

24% → 20%
Share of admitted med students from underrepresented backgrounds, the year before the ruling versus the year after. A one-year drop.
~17%
Relative decline in that single cohort. Sustained for a decade of medical classes, that is a generation of doctors who never arrive.

Our 2045 projection assumed the post-2023 decline would simply continue. The 2026 litigation makes a steeper path the realistic one. Each year a class is suppressed at today’s rate removes roughly 300 to 500 Latino physicians from the pipeline that should reach patients in the 2030s. That is the entire argument for moving now instead of later: the longer the door is held shut, the more of 2045 is already decided.

Sources: AAMC (2024) Matriculants by Race & Ethnicity · Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard, 600 U.S. 181 (2023) · U.S. DOJ Civil Rights Division actions, UCLA & Yale Schools of Medicine, 2026 · DOJ admissions inquiries, Stanford / Ohio State / UC San Diego, 2026 · JAMA Network Open (2026), affirmative-action repeal & medical-school diversity. Projection figures are LIGAZON estimates from these trends and are labeled as projections.
The Gap, In One Picture

Twenty percent of the country. A fraction of its best-paid careers.

20% · population parity
Attorneys ABA 2024
5.5%
Physicians AAMC 2024
6.7%
Engineers / STEM NSF 2024
9%
Elected officials NALEO 2024
1.1%
White household wealth$285K
Latino household wealth$62K
Median net worth. Roughly one dollar saved for every five. Federal Reserve SCF 2022
The Data

Twenty fields. Twenty data sources. One pattern, connected for everyone to see.

BLS, AAMC, ABA, NSF, LCDA, NCES, USDA, CFPB: federal data connected across 20 occupational sectors at once, so the whole picture sits in one place. The link between pay and Latino representation holds in nearly every field. Explore all 32 indicators in the Latino Power Atlas →

How to read this page Every number cites the named federal dataset or peer-reviewed publication beneath it. Where data is computed or projected, the chart labels it as such. If you find a number that is not sourced, write us and it gets corrected the same day.

U.S. Latino representation by occupation, against the 20% population benchmark.

Red = below parity · Green = above parity · The vertical gold line marks the U.S. Latino population share (Census 2023).

Farmworkers DOL NAWS 2022
78%
Construction BLS 2023
30%
Food Service BLS 2023
26%
Education (Teachers) NCES 2024
14%
Management BLS 2023
11%
STEM Occupations NSF NCSES 2024
9%
Chief executives BLS CPS 2025
8.4%
Physicians AAMC 2024
6.7%
Newsroom Journalists RTDNA 2023
6.1%
Lawyers ABA 2024
5.5%
Fortune 500 Boards LCDA 2024
5.4%
Farm Owners USDA 2022
3%

Read it top to bottom and the rule is plain: the better a job pays, the fewer of us it holds. Above the line sits the essential hands-on work; below it, the credentialed professions.

Wage and representation, one dot per occupation.

20% PARITY As pay rises, our share falls. 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% $20K $60K $100K $140K $200K+ MEDIAN ANNUAL WAGE LATINO REPRESENTATION Farmworkers Construction Food Svc Teachers Management STEM Physicians Lawyers Chief exec

Each dot is one occupation, placed by its median wage and its Latino share. The line through them tells the whole story: as pay climbs, our presence falls. Every field above $80K sits below the 20% parity line. Sources: BLS OEW May 2024, BLS CPS 2023, AAMC 2024, ABA 2024, NSF NCSES 2024.

By State · pick a job, see who carries it

In every state, we already feed it, build it, and keep it running. The work that licenses and governs it is next.

Tap a job below. The bars re-sort to show the Latino share of that job in each state, against our share of the state's population (the line). Watch the farm bars tower over the doctor and lawyer bars, state after state.

How to read this: each bar is the Latino share of that one job in that state. The vertical line is the Latino share of the state's whole population, the level true parity would reach. Farm-work bars sit far past the line; physician and attorney bars fall far short of it. Same people, same states, opposite ends of the pay scale.

Sources: U.S. Census ACS 2023 (population & farm labor force) · AAMC State Physician Workforce Data 2023 · ABA Profile of the Legal Profession 2024 · DOL National Agricultural Workers Survey 2020–2022. State-level Latino shares rounded; farm-labor shares reflect the hired crop workforce.

Step 3 · Understand it

You have seen the gap. Now see how it was built.

Why it happens →